The halophilic bacterial strain wb1 isolated from a hydrothermal vent was. The majority of halophiles found in salt deposits are archaea, while bacteria form the. Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria antonio ventosa,1 joaqui. Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes widely distributed in nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. Isolation of moderately halophilic bacteria from tunisian. Desiccation and salinetolerant bacteria and archaea in.
Distribution of bacteria depends on changes in water temperature, salinity and other physicochemical parameters alavandi, 1990. Isolation of moderately halophilic bacteria from tunisian soil samples and transformation by electroporation using escherichia colihalomonas sp. The name halobacteria was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain archaea was realized, and while. The biology of halophilic bacteria presents detailed information regarding methods for working with halophilic bacteria. Halophile definition is an organism that flourishes in a salty environment. Pdf biology and applications of halophilic bacteria and archaea. Five halophilic bacterial isolates namely ss1, ss2, ss3, ss5 and ss8 were isolated from soil sediments of lunsu, a salty water body. The halophilic bacterial isolates ss1, ss2, ss3, ss5, and ss8 were characterized for production of industrially important enzymes like amylase, protease, lipase, and glutaminase. The sequences were proofread, edited and merged into comparable. Different groups of bacteria that get nourished by detritus and in turn, help the mangrove ecosystem in different ways holguin et al. Culture alternative medium for the growth of extreme halophilic bacteria in fish products. Halophilic microorganisms are found in all three domains like archare, bacteria and eukaryotes. Isolation and characterization of halophilic bacteria from.
Halophilic bacteria in late summer you see scattered and sometimes extensive pinkishbrown to deep red muddy salt flats on owens lake under the hot desert sun. Isolation, identification and extracellular enzymatic. Most of the halophiles that have been discovered are simple. The tetrameric forms of the halophilic malate dehydrogenase are contrasting with the usual dimeric forms of non halophilic counterparts, and this tetrameric form argues for similarity of halophilic malate dehydrogenase with non halophilic lactate dehydrogenase.
All samples studied were considered hypersaline with nacl. The bacterial isolates ss1 and ss3 require at least 3. A few bacteria have been reported from lake vanda, but in. All the halophilic bacteria isolated from the drained soak liquor used in these experiments were proved to be motile, aerobic and extremely pleomorphic gram negative organisms. Isolation, molecular characterization and extracellular enzymatic. A halophilic bacterium inhabiting the warm, cacl2rich brine of the. The growth curve of the halophilic bacteria showed slower growth profile at 37c compared to e. Pdf draft genome sequence of the halophilic and highly. In this study, 35 different halophilic bacteria were isolated from saline soils of coahuila state, mexico. Halophilic strains isolated from marine habitat of west coast of india. The focus will be on the export of compatible solutes via mechanosensitive channels to cope with stress caused by dilution of the medium e.
The analysis reveals a high relative abundance of halophilic archaea primarily. Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from soil samples of a japanese salt field, an environment where salt concentrations vary annually. Solute concentrations within cells of halophilic and non. Isolation of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from a. It is also one of the driest areas of the world with few sources of fresh water that in addition to the current increase in the development of mining projects, it has generated a strong necessity for sea water uses in industrial. Pdf extremophiles include a diverse group with ability to survive in highly saline conditions, the halophiles. Their low nutritional requirements and resistance to high concentrations of salt, introduce as potent agents in wide range of biotechnological applications. Halophiles are microorganisms that require high levels of salt in order to be able to complete all of their life functions and survive. Halophilic microorganisms include heterotrophic, phototrophic and methanogenic archaea, photosynthetic, lithotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and photosynthetic and heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Halophilic aerobic bacterial growth rate of mangrove. Antibiotic resistance profiling of marine halophilic. Microbial culturomics to isolate halophilic bacteria from table salt. Bacterial and archaeal aerobic communities were recovered from sediments from the shallow eldjerid salt lake in tunisia, and their salinity gradient distribution was established. Microorganisms growing optimally at salt concentrations higer than 100 gl fall under thecategory of halophiles.
Antibiotic resistance profile of halophilic microorganisms. In the first which is employed by the majority of halophilic bacteria, some archaea, yeasts, algae and fungi, organic compounds are accumulated in the cytoplasmosmoprotectants which are known as compatible solutes. Bacterial halophiles are abundant in environments such as salt lakes, saline soils, and salted food products. Bacteria usually use aminecontaining compounds such as proline, glycine betaine as osmoprotectants. T hi sp a erb o utnw nu ti l mdgn fc l group of bacteria called halophilic actinobacteria.
The medium used for growth of the halophilic bacteria and. A book for anyone interested in halophilic bacteria the biology of halophilic bacteria presents detailed information regarding methods for working with halophilic bacteria. The halophiles used in the study are enlisted in table 1. Halophilic archaea and bacteria as a source of extracellular. This book highlights current genetics and genomics research to provide a timely overview. In this study the diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils of daecheon, chungnam, and saemangeum, jeonbuk, was investigated. Effective plasmid isolation further strengthened the antibiotic resistance. Moderate halophiles and halotolerant bacteria are needed for production of wide range of salty foods such as thi fish sauce. Plasmids mediating resistance to antimicrobial agents have been found in many halophilic bacteria examined so far. Paradigm for salt stress adaptation and osmoprotection priyanka das1,2, bijay kumar behera1, dharmendra kumar meena1, syed afrin azmi2, soumendranath chatterjee2, kanti meena3 and anil prakash sharma1 1central inland fisheries research institute, barrackpore, kolkata. Salt stress tolerant genes in halophilic and halotolerant. The enriched agar media was prepared combining the previous solutions with difcobacto agar a combine in a 500 ml duran bottle. Salt stress tolerant genes in halophilic and halotolerant bacteria.
Halophile definition of halophile by merriamwebster. It was also aimed to assess the bacterial biodiversity of halophilic bacteria at sahastradhara streams. Siderophores and phosphate solubilization are interesting in the fertilization of soil. Halophilic bacteria are organisms which thrive in saltrich environments, such as salt lakes, solar salterns and salt mines which contain large populations of these organisms. Dependence on salt is an important phenotypic characteristic of halophilic bacteria, which can be used in the polyphasic characterization of newly discovered microorganisms. Pdf halotolerant proteases are known as one of the important groups of enzymes that have. Bacterial halophiles are abundant in environments such as salt lakes, saline soils. Haloarchaea halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria are a class of the euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
Culture alternative medium for the growth of extreme. Intracellular ionic concentrations of moderately halophilic bacteria. Pdf biology and applications of halophilic bacteria and. These can be either synthesised or accumulated from the environment. Both the halophilic isolates ss1 and ss3 exhibited maximum amylase and protease activities in the. A new medium for the isolation and enrichment of halophilic. Helpful hints for performing various tests and assays in high salts are given, and information. Six samples for physicochemical and microbiological analyses were obtained from 6 saline sites in the lake for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In biotechnology, such salttolerant bacteria are widely used for the production of valuable enzymes, and more than a thousand years ago humans began using salt to cure and thereby preserve perishable foods and other materials, such as hides. Use of a mixed culture strategy to isolate halophilic bacteria with. Assessment of halophilic bacteria in the salt flats and. A large amount of gb is up taken by bacillus subtilis from external environment in high saltiness, using three transport control systems 3.
Ii halophily halophilism and halophilic microorganisms ventosa, a. Biology and applications of halophilic bacteria and archaea. Among them, strain 21a grew at nacl concentration ranging 115%, optimum at 3%, showing that it is moderately halophilic bacteria. Culture alternative medium for the growth of extreme halophilic. Isolation and biochemical characterization of halophiles from. I now report that growth of nonhalophilic bacteria at low water activities seems to depend on the ability of the cell to balance the environmental osmotic pressure by intracellular accumulation. This leads to a predominance of charged amino acids on the surface of enzymes and ribosomes which is thought to stabilize the hydration shell of the molecule when in high ionic surroundings. Isolation and screening of antibiotic producing halophiles.
Ii osmoregulation in halophilic bacteria hans jorg kunte encyclopedia of life support systems eolss is also considered. Isolation and biochemical characterization of halophiles. Culturable diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils. Isolation and characterization of two halophilic bacillus and. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea, rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups. Pdf isolation and identification of halophilic bacteria producing. The incubation conditions for halophilic bacteria was 30 37 c for 7 15 days and for haloarchaea was 40 c for 5 7 days.
They apply some strategies in adaptation to the high saline environment. Diversity of halophilic bacteria showing hydrolytic activities. These hypersaline areas can range from the salinity equivalent to that of the ocean 35%, up to ten times that, such as in the dead sea 31. Halophilic microorganisms are classified according to the optimal salt. Although halphilic bacteria have been studied for basic scientific interests, their biotechnological potential has been largely ignored.
The second deals almost entirely with extreme halophiles. Halophilic microorganisms, metabolically diversified, comprising archaea, bacteria, and eucarya, are found distributed all over the world in hypersaline environments including drained soak liquor and brine cured hides. Most research studies performed on hypersaline environments have been focused on the microbial diversity and ecology of these environments and progress in understanding the systematic, cellular function and metabolic activities of halophiles have been achieved. Materials and methods sample collection water sample was collected into sterile. From 1 g of each of the five samples collected, over 1. Isolation and biochemical characterization of halophiles from sahastradhara region, dehradun, india. Among the 30 strains of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated. Halophilic bacteria as a source of extracellular enzymes. Halophiles are from the kingdom archaea, which is completely different from eubacteria, which is what we think of as bacteria. The property of halophilism is widespread within the bacterial domain. A diverse group of halophilic bacteria exist in lunsu, a. I now report that growth of non halophilic bacteria at low water activities seems to depend on the ability of the cell to balance the environmental osmotic pressure by intracellular accumulation.
W 17, and evolutionary distance matrices for the neighbourjoining method were. Hypersaline, halophilic bacteria, salteners, dead sea introduct ion in spite of its high salinity, the dead sea is the natural habitat for a variety of microorganisms1, 2,3. Halophilic bacterial isolates ss1 and ss3 exhibited salt dependent extracellular amylase and protease activities. Isolation and characterization of two halophilic bacillus.
Nieto,1 and aharon oren2 department of microbiology and parasitology, faculty of pharmacy, university of seville, 41012 seville, spain,1 and division of microbial and molecular ecology, institute of life sciences, and the moshe shilo minerva center. Halophilic bacteria are natural contaminants in salt used in preserving fish felix et al. Moderate halophiles are those organisms growing optimally between 0. Halophiles are, on the other hand, much different genetically, so much so that they need their own taxonomic kingdom.
Halophile simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Helpful hints for performing various tests and assays in high salts are given, and information about data presentation and analysis is provided as well. The halophilic archaea halobacteria, on the other hand, have developed an entire biochemistry that functions at saturating salt concentrations. These bacteria can cause pink discoloration on the outer surface accompanied by putrefaction and decomposition of fish, bacon and hides preserved in sea salts. Although halphilic bacteria have been studied for basic. Isolation and characterization of two novel halotolerant. Pdf halophilic bacteria are categorized based on their requirements to salt. Halophiles are organisms that need salt in their environment to live.
Due to high salinity, halophilic bacteria are believed. That metabolic pathway, known as the methylaspartate pathway, represents a unique type of anaplerosis the process of environments of bacteria. Halophilic definition of halophilic by the free dictionary. For example, halophilic archaea appear to be able to thrive in highsalt environments because they house a special set of genes encoding enzymes for a metabolic pathway that limits osmosis. In this study the diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils of daecheon, chungnam, and. Draft genome sequence of the halophilic and highly halotolerant gammaproteobacteria strain mfb021. The halophilic bacteria and archaea were isolated in the laboratory using enrichment culture technique from marine samples collected from west coast of maharashtra, india as described previously thombre and oke, 2015, digaskar et al. Halophilic agar contains casein acid hydrolysate, proteose peptone and yeast extract which provide all the necessary nutrients, mainly nitrogenous and vitamins to the halophilic bacteria. The name halophile comes from greek for saltloving. Role of amino acids in osmoregulation of nonhalophilic. Studies on the biodiversity of halophilic microorganisms. Therefore, this study presents newly isolated halophilic bacteria producing halotolerant proteases.
Isolation and characterization of two novel halotolerant catechol 2, 3dioxygenases from a halophilic bacterial consortium skip to main content thank you for visiting. Van strains were halophilic and quite cacl2 tolerant. Antibiotic resistance profiling of marine halophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria as a source of novel hydrolytic enzymes. Halophilic extremophiles, or simply halophiles, are a group of microorganisms that can grow and often thrive in areas of high salt nacl concentration. Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as great salt lake, owens lake, or dead sea. The book will be useful to molecular biologists, biochemists, ecologists. Halophilic and saltresistant bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from tunisia. Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, vol 9. Salt mines are among the most extreme environments as they combine darkness, low nutrient availability, and hypersaline conditions. The moderately halophilic heterotrophic aerobic bacteria form a diverse group of microorganisms.
Halophilic bacteria are important for numerous industrial processes. The halotolerance of many enzymes derived from halophilic bacteria can be exploited wherever enzymatic transformations are required to function under physical and chemical conditions, such as in the presence of organic solvents and extremes in temperature and salt content. The extremely halophilic bacteria require between 1530% of nacl for growth. Although moderately halophilic bacteria are often found on salted fish, meat, and other food products and regardless of their possible involvement in microbial spoilage at high salt concentrations, systematic studies on the occurrence of such bacteria on fish and meat products have rarely been performed. All the bacterial isolates showed growth in lb medium containing up to 8. The application of modern genomic approaches to research on halophilic archaea and bacteria and their viruses in recent years has yielded fascinating insights into the adaptations and evolution of these unique organisms. Halophiles are considered as microorganisms living in hypersaline. Researcharticle halophilic bacteria of lunsu produce an array of industrially important enzymes with salt tolerant activity sonikagupta,parulsharma,kamaldev,andanuradhasourirajan. Isolation and selection of halophilic ureolytic bacteria. Antofagasta the second region of chile is known worldwide for its extensive mining activity, mainly in the production of copper, molybdenum, iodine and lithium. Role of amino acids in osmoregulation of nonhalophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria are categorized based on their requirements to salt. Most halophiles are archaeans, but some bacteria and eukaryotes are also halophiles, such as the alga dunaliella salina.